Computer Networks And The Network - 1232 Words

A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other along network links . The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, servers as well as networking hardware. Two such devices can be said to be networked together when one device is able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct connection to each other. Computer networks†¦show more content†¦In 1959 Anatolii Ivanovich Kitov proposed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union a detailed plan for the re-organisation of the control of the Soviet armed forces and of the Soviet economy on the basis of a network of computing centres. In 1960 the commercial airline reservation system semi-automatic business research environment went online with two connected mainframes. In 1962 J.C.R. Licklider developed a working group he called the Intergalactic Computer Network, a precursor to the ARPANET, at the Advanced Research Projects Agency . In 1964 researchers at Dartmouth College developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System for distributed users of large computer systems. The same year, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a research group supported by General Electric and Bell Labs used a computer to route and manage telephone connections. Throughout the 1960s, Leonard Kleinrock, Paul Baran, and Donald Davies independently developed network systems that used packets to transfer information between computers over a network. In 1965, Thomas Marill and Lawrence G. Roberts created the first wide area network . This was an immediate precursor to the ARPANET, of which Roberts became program manager. Also in 1965, Western Electric introduced the first widely used telephone switch that implemented true computer control. In 1969 the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of

Sales Analysis Report Sample

Conducting a thorough analysis of product sales is one of the key responsibilities of a sales representative of any company, which is why a sales analysis report sample may reveal to be a valuable asset in his/her inventory. Company large or small, regardless of the size of the business, always conducts an annual analysis of its products sales. Whether they have increased or declined is crucial for the company’s success. That is why constructing a sales analysis report sample is one of the most common and important tasks assigned to students during their education at marketing and business studies related courses. A sales analysis report is a written document that aims to reveal both the successes and declines of a product in the market environment. The ability to create such report is important because it allows the company to assess its own production quality and marketing experience. A critical analysis of a product’s sales allows to determine the pros and cons of the chosen product placement and allows to determine the future strategy. Usually, sale analysis reports are revealed in the form of a presentation, which is shown to the company chief representatives. Therefore, slides, charts, and graphs are common tools of crafting sales presentations. These presentations should include statistical data about sales, such as how many product units have been sold in the year quarters, in which regions, and what are the specifics of the target demographic. However, at the same time, the report should not be oversaturated with irrelevant information and should focus only on those data that are important. The sales analysis allows to review the companys business and construct a new strategy for the following year. By reviewing its sales and the target audience, the company is able to adjust its future production and marketing in order to become more appealing to the consumer. It is also an important tool of supply-demand assessment, which allows regulating the number of products shipped. The sales analysis report sample provided bellow is bound to address some of the aforementioned aspects. Zony PlayNation 3 Sales Report Period Comparison. During the first quarter of the last year, our product, the Zony PlayNation 3 video game console, has shown a significant success. Its sales have risen from 10 to 20 million units since launch date. The sales have stopped rising so actively in the next quarter but still continued to rise up to 25 million units by the end of the second quarter. However, the main issue of the annual report lies in the decline that began in the third quarter. Competitor Analysis. When reviewing the decline, a thorough analysis of the video game market determined that it was caused by the release of the Minitendo Mii video game console. The competitor’s product was a large success since it was cheaper than the Zony PlayNation 3 and more user-friendly. It is suggested that the Zony company should review its approach in the following year if it wishes to compete with Minitendo. Sales Estimates. While the consoles sold relatively equally in all regions, the situation with customer age and chosen pack-in games is different. Judging from the sales analysis, most buyers of the PlayNation 3 were within the 15-30-year-old male category of the so-called â€Å"hard-core† gamers, while, on the other hand, the competitor’s console sold better in the so-called â€Å"casual† segment of family-oriented games ranging in general age and demographics. Therefore, it is suggested that the company should focus on producing â€Å"mature† video games for the same target niche in order to omit direct competition.

Social And Social Of Young Adults With Autism Disorders Essay

Introduction The research identified that there are very few studies that address social storiesTM for young adults with autism disorders. (Karayazi et. al, 2001, p.126) As a result of that discovery, the researcher studied the effects of using social stories with a young woman with Autism Spectrum Disorder to increase pro-social behavior: nose- cleaning and appropriate greetings. (Karayazi et. al, 2001, pg. 126) Social stories are illustrations that encourages pro-social behavior to individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Previous studies examined the use of social stories to increase verbal communication in ASD children; increasing pro-social and reducing disruptive behaviors in ASD children; decreasing disruptive behaviors by using multiple-baseline across participant design (Ozedmir, 2008); and, decreasing anti-social behavior in adolescents. The research hopes to find a positive correlation between social stories and increasing pro-social behavior in young adults. METHOD In the research, the participant was a 22 year-old Caucasian woman who was the first child in her family. (Karayazi et. al, 2001, p.126) Also, the young woman was diagnosed with a mild Autism Spectrum Disorder. The setting was a clinical classroom on a university campus. The classroom included three chairs, a desk, a computer and a box of tissue. The professor stayed in the room while the researchers observed from the back of the classroom. The wiping nose observations was four to eight sessions,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Theories of Vygotsky1423 Words   |  6 Pagespast decade has acknowledged the impacts of characteristics and life-functioning for individuals on the autism spectrum. Models of support or interventions strategies have been researched but little, or limited practical or resourced models appeared as accessible for families of older youth. The intention of this research paper was to investigate a specific activity group for youth on the autism spectrum. The group runs concurrently with a parent group and is funded through a respite funding provisionRead MoreAutism Research On Children With Autism910 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you hear about Autism you generally think of children; however, the children with Autism grow up. Most people with Autism are adults. Autism research from 1998 shows that adults are: underrepresented in autism research and studies into old age are extremely needed. Most of the Autism adults lack services or even diagnosis. People with Autism are prone to anxiety and depression. The young adults are vulnerable when leaving high school especially in low income families, previous gained skillsRead MoreAutistic Adults : Children With Autism931 Words   |  4 PagesAUTISTIC ADULTS When you hear about Autism you generally think of children; however, the children with Autism grow up. Most people with Autism are adults. Autism research from 1998 shows that adults are: underrepresented in autism research and studies into old age are extremely needed. Most of the Autism adults lack services or even diagnosis. People with Autism are inclined to anxiety and depression. The young adults are vulnerable to anxiety and depression when leaving high school especially inRead MoreEssay On The Movie Rain Man1315 Words   |  6 Pagesshow how in the movie Rain Man, an adult man acts with high functioning autism. How great certain skills are that make him appear as if he has supermen abilities, while also showing the need for adult supervision for other events that unfold in the movie. While sourcing several references what autism is, its characteristics and how to treat it at an early age to get the best functional outcome as an adult. Along with some of dangers that’ s face people with autism from the world around them and myRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children And Adults Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pages Autism AP 226 BD 12/06/2016 Elizabeth Kimbrough â€Æ' Imagine how you would feel not being able to express yourself, or not being understood by others. Think of all the struggles you may go through. This is how many children and adults that are living with Autism feel today. Autism is a serious disease that needs a cure to better the lives of children and adults. Autism is the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are many questions being asked about Autism. Is there a cure for AutismRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism Throughout Early Childhood, Education, And Later Life1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Autism throughout Early Childhood, Education, Relationships, and Later Life There are many disorders that affect how the brain works. Some of these disorders can stem from birth, while others appear later, almost at random throughout someone’s life. Autism seems to be a disorder that develops from birth, although most children are not officially diagnosed until they are about two or three years old. Why is this? One can infer that it very well may be that most children tend to beginRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism1544 Words   |  7 PagesAUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER â€Å"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.† Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can helpRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Autism857 Words   |  4 PagesOutcome-focused research shows that only 25% of people with Autism are employed. This statistic is especially concerning, when the generally high academic and creative ability of many adults with Autism is considered. This review evaluates three categories of parental factors, demographic, psychological, and behavioral, to determine what effect, if any, they may have on the work participation outcomes for adults diagnosed wi th Autism. Using studies of various methodologies and populations, only oneRead MoreServices For Adults With An Autism Spectrum Disorder978 Words   |  4 PagesI read and analyzed the following texts: 1. Services for Adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder by Paul T. Shattuck, Anne M roux, Laura E Hudson, Julie Lounds Taylor, Matthew J Maenner, Jean-Francois Trani Published October 2011 2. National Autism Indicators Report by Anne M. Roux, MPH, MA; Paul T. Shattuck, PhD, MSSW; Jessica E. Rast, MPH; Julianna A. Rava, BA; Kristy A. Anderson, MSW. Published 2015. 3. Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum Face Tough Prospects for Jobs and Independent Living byRead MoreThe Causes Of Autism Spectrum Disorder1006 Words   |  5 PagesAutism is simultaneously the most familiar and least understood disorder. Autism spectrum disorder is defined as a developmental disorder that involves problems with social communication, social interaction, and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Like all disorders, there are biological, social, and therapeutic implications. Firstly, like many disorders there are several biological factors. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, therefore Autism affects the development

Greed Is All Right, By The Way - 3154 Words

To an audience of students at the University California, Berkley, Ivan Boesky at once stated, â€Å"Greed is all right, by the way. I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself (Homans, 2012, p.1; Kay, 2003, p.1).† Greed is what lead Boesky to Insider Trading and ultimately huge illegal profits and the scam he created was hidden in plain sight. Boesky wanted everyone to believe that he was doing the world a service, but he was actually stealing (Homans, 2012). Ivan Boesky was considered to be a leading man on Wall Street during what James Stewart called the â€Å"Greed Decade† of the 1980’s, and Boesky’s specialty was insider trading (Stewart, 1991, p. 15). Ivan Boesky and the insider trading cases of the 1980s are very significant white-collar crimes as companies and communities were directly impacted; they were torn apart due to the leverage buyout era Boesky orchestrated with the help of his corporate raiders. (Meserve , 2012) In addition, the cases of the 1980s would be the first time the SEC got tough on insider trading, and Ivan Boesky was the window into the securities frauds of the era (Stewart, 1991). Ivan Boesky was an arbitrageur that made over $200 million dollars by betting on corporate mergers and acquisitions. Debra Ross in the Encyclopedia of White-Collar Crime defined arbitrage as: â€Å"(1) a transaction that generates a risk-free profit; (2) a leveraged speculative transaction; and (3) the activity of engaging in either of the aboveShow MoreRelatedGreed Is All Right, By The Way3072 Words   |  13 Pages Ivan Boesky at an audience of students at the University of California, Berkeley once stated, â€Å"Greed is all right, by the way. I think greed is healthy. You can be greedy and still feel good about yourself (Homans, 2012, p.1)(Kay, 2003, p.1).† Greed was what lead Boesky to Insider Trading and ultimately huge illegal profits; the scam he created was hidden in plain si ght. Boesky wanted everyone to believe that he was doing the world a service but he was actually stealing (Homans, 2012, p.1). AccordingRead MoreGreed Is The Most Driving Force Of Our Modern Society880 Words   |  4 PagesGreed manages to be possibly the most driving force in our modern society. It fuels a multitude of things: hate, need for power, many peoples’ reasons for attending higher level schools, etc. Whether we notice it or not, greed is there. It is always there. It hides itself behind false courtesy and kindness. It is a dark horse. Greed affects us all both negatively and positively. We can rarely change this effect. If greed were a person, it would be the person you see not assisting anyone. ItRead MoreGreed – does it Destroy or Benefit the Society? love of ones neighbour , giving something back to800 Words   |  4 PagesGreed – does it Destroy or Benefit the Society? love of ones neighbour , giving something back to the community or Charity or are considered the virtuous motivations. According to me, these certainly are noble motivations, but greed is one of the most powerful motivations for human action. For me greed is the noblest form of human motivations. I dont mean fraud, tricks or theft. By greed I mean individuals being mostly anxious with getting the all they can for themselves and not essentiallyRead MoreImpact Of Age And Wealth On Respect And Greed1525 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the impact of Age and Wealth on Respect and Greed? – Impact of Norm and Value Some may describe age as a number however, age is a term that is generally a representation of the amount of experiences a person has had throughout their lives and an older person is therefore termed as older because of the number of experiences they have had. Same is the case with wealth. People may have different definitions of wealth like a person who has achieved what he/she aimed to may be termed as wealthRead MoreBlood Diamond Film Analysis1495 Words   |  6 PagesStatement of intent: This report will focus on the theme greed for diamonds in the film ‘Blood Diamond’ demonstrating this by the use of film techniques. The film I chose to analyse was ‘Blood Diamond’ directed by Edward Zwick. In the film the theme greed is shown by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) threats of killing Solomon and Danny unless Solomon shows them where he hid the huge pink diamond he found while mining as a slave. Danny’s greed for money and diamonds led him to work for Colonel CoetzeeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Baby Driver1595 Words   |  7 Pagesof sinful behavior that never ends up paying off for any character. Although the majority of the movie takes place in this sinful environment, certain individuals still exhibit morality and ethical actions in some prominent scenes. In the same way that all humans are incapable of not sinning, this vague concept of sin plagues the lives of every character in the movie. As the movie proves though, just because someone sins does not necessarily mean he or she is a bad person. Although this movie takesRead MoreThe Great Old Vision Of The American Dream742 Words   |  3 Pagessociety always wants more. In today’s society the great old vision of The American Dream is dead. It has been abandoned by the American society because society no longer values contentment. In the 21st century technology has gained the world a great new way of socializing, but technology has just as many advantages as disadvantages. Civilians crave the desire for more and it has increased with social media, seeing others accomplishments can cause an effect of jealously in society. With this society tendsRead MoreThe Primary Doctrine Of Corporate Personhood1174 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolved the challenging of a California railroad tax, contingent on an insistence of the Fourteenth Amendment and the equal rights protection it includes. Corporate personhood applies to the ability of organizations to be distinguished, by law, as an individual which includes the particular protections, abilities and rights that all individuals are entitled to. The most useful rights these organizations benefit from are the capacity to sue or to be su ed in a court of law and to be able to enter intoRead More Greed - Vital to Human Welfare Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesGreed - Vital to Human Welfare Whats the noblest of human motivations? Some might be tempted to answer: charity, love of ones neighbor or, in modern, politically correct language: giving something back to the community. In my book, these are indeed noble motivations, but they pale in comparison to a much more potent motivation for human action. For me the noblest of human motivations is greed. I dont mean theft, fraud, tricks, or misrepresentation. By greed I mean people being only or mostlyRead MoreIs Greed Good? Essay example925 Words   |  4 PagesStreet and the ultra-wealthy. â€Å"Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right, greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms; greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge has marked the upward surge of mankind.† This dramatic speech was given by Gordon Gekko (played by Micheal Douglas) a wealthy businessman, who through this speech is trying to convey the message that greed leads to overall personal, and economic

The Drawing of Nation State Boundaries in Rwanda Essay Example For Students

The Drawing of Nation State Boundaries in Rwanda Essay These drastic events stopped economic growth and perpetuated 3rd world poverty, The European powers didnt start laying claim on Africa until the second half of the nineteenth century, when they nearly laid claim on the whole continent Because intention was so aggressive amongst the European powers, a conference was held in Berlin in 1884 to divide up Africa. The major countries that participated were Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Portugal. When the conference was in progress, a majority Of Africa was still under traditional African rule. Eventually (after 1900) the colonial powers managed to gain control of all areas Of Africa. In his article on colonialism in Rwanda, Troy Rimier States A new kind of racism was brought to Rwanda upon the arrival of Europeans in the 20th century. Colonists assumed their own superiority and valued those physically ND geographically close to themselves (Rimier 2011). Before the European powers colonized Rwanda the elite group was the Tutsis cattle herders. The majority of the colony was made up of peasant farmers, known as the Huts. In pre-colonial times, the division between Hut and Tutsis was sometimes blurred. Some Hut bought cattle and were accepted into the upper classes, while some Tutsis became poor peasants. Rwanda was first colonized and governed by Germany, but was later taken over and newly ruled why Belgium. Belgium was quick to discriminate between the Huts and Tutsis. In 1933 Belgian rulers introduced ethnic ID cards and favored the Tutsis, Later they quickly switched sides and effortlessly supported the Hut majority (Rimier 2011). Vengeful Hut elements murdered about 15,000 Tutsis between 1959 and 1962, and more than 100,000 Tutsis fled to neighboring countries (Jones 2002). This favoritism that before colonization was not really recognized or argued with was becoming an issue between the Huts and Tutsis. Little did anyone know, this new since of entitlement brought about by the Belgian government would cause massive mount of turmoil, hatred, heartbreak, and war in the years to come. After the Tut sis kings passing in 1959, Rwanda has gone through a series Of heartbreaking civil wars that eventually lead up to the genocide in 1934. According to GÂ ©radar Premier, Because Of the chaotic nature Of the genocide and the events leading up to the total number of people killed has never been systematically assessed, but most experts believe the total baas around 800,000 people. This includes about 750,000 Tutsis and approximately 50,000 politically moderate Huts who did not support the genocide. Only about 130,000 Tutsis survived the massacres Ones 20021 Rwanda today is still continuing to rebuild economically and heal as a whole, slowly but surely. It has taken this country years after the last genocide to even consider being called back on their feet. An article was written in 2010 by the New York Times on the genocides 16th anniversary, discussing Rwanda progress since all the violence. This country has certainly come farther in the past 16 years than even the most optimistic observers would have predicted. All of this development is important to recognize because it has been the overpayments express policy to deliver basic services and economic growth to its people in order to mitigate genocide ideology (Resin 2010). Five years ago, traveling anywhere in the country was bound to be a bumpy ride, if the way was even passable. Today, east-to-west and north-to-south, the road infrastructure is impressive and continues to expand. Five years ago, the country struggled to get tourists in for $375 permits to visit Rwanda mountain gorillas, Today, during high season, there are not enough $500 tickets to meet the demand. Five years a go, there were no supermarkets or Tams, and the cheapest cell phones cost 50. Today there are multiple supermarkets, over a dozen international Tams, and cell phones that cost $14 are plentiful (Resin 2010). Against this impressive backdrop, crushing poverty still affects about 40% of the population. Millions live on tiny plots of land scarcely capable of producing adequate food for families in which the average woman gives birth to six children. Its this latter issue -raging population growth that continues to perplex the policy and development wonks in Rwanda (Resin 2010). Although Rwanda has continued to grow, their decline dates back to the legacy feet by those who colonized the country. SOURCES: Jones.

Information System Real Time Reporting

Question: Describe about the Information System for Real Time Reporting. Answer: Introduction In the present era, technology has arrived for all manual work in order to make it easy, accurate and less time consuming. Similarly, in the field of accounting, various software have been developed to assist the business organisation in recording and maintain their books of accounts in a better manner. The report is based on details regarding the accounting software used in Australia. The best and known software with their details have been discussed by considering viewpoints of various authors and research scholars. The advantages enjoyed by the leaders of the market have also been discussed by demonstrating practical aspect. Evolution of accounting software in Australia Accounting software Accounting software can be said as application software which processes accounting transactions within functional modules. According to Quinn and Kristandl (2014), it may be purchased of inbuilt in an organisation using it or can be online-based. The advantage of online-based software is that it can be accessed anywhere with the help of internet. It works as an accounting information system (Quinn and Kristandl, 2014). Previously companies were facing problems relating to obsolete, client server, propriety software package and but now no such situation is in existence. The problem was present in days before the days of Microsoft, the consequent change paper form accounts to a spreadsheet on Lotus 123 was a major change as double entry system. According to the study of Bendovschi, (2015) the evolution of accounting software can be split into three major generations: the 90s era, the 00s era, and the ongoing era. The 90s era is characterised by the apparition of the initial accounting software programs under the commonly known Windows age (Bendovschi, 2015). The applications back then were strong but supported only the basic accounting functions. In the 00s era, concepts such as SaaS and integration emerged and brought with them more developed and updated systems which would enable more intricate data processing and accounting functions, together with concurrent access to programs and files. The ongoing era which started from 2010 is known as the Mobile accounting age, characterised by financial dashboards, real time accounting and other mobile apps that support financial reporting and processing. This age was a result of the financial crisis of 2008, where the accountants role in a firm changed from reporting and book-keep ing to being an important part of the managerial decision making. Hence, increasing number of organizations incorporated automated controls for posting journal entries, final reporting, consolidation and processing data (Bendovschi, 2015). Technology proved to be highly responsive to the market demands and hence contemplated the requirement for a more transparent and strong process. It was just a matter of time until the concepts of real time reporting or cloud accounting or cloud computing turned a routine reality among all firms, irrespective of their region, industry and sizes (Bendovschi, 2015). Various accounting software and their significance It was analysed be Silberman that the accounting based on DOS was stable but not developed on a frequent basis but after coming of Microsoft regular up gradation became a norm. It was observed that the accounting software has evolved from an accounting package to a total business management tool. Study of Elliott and Jacobson (2010) shows that the reason behind it was the addition of non-accounting applications similar to CRM, ERP to make it multi-user. The concept of cloud computing emerged with the evolution of software but a drawback was present with it that user will upload the data only when it is safe (Elliott and Jacobson, 2010.). With the continued usage of the computer, now people has expected using mobile instead of a computer. The obstacles regarding it are that it is not necessary that all the application works in a similar manner as in a computer. The problem was solved with the evolution of Quick Books (Rahman and et.al. 2014). As per the analysis and research, the top five Australian accounting software are Intuit QuickBooks, MYOB, Reckon, Saasu, Xero (The Accounting Journal: 60 years of Accounting Software, 2015.). The application used in this software has enhanced the use of the software. Quick books are used to track the business, profit, expenses and income of organisation. Unlimited amount of invoices can be sent across a wide range of desktops and mobile users. It has same security and encryption as in banks. MYOB was designed with aim of more than just functioning accounting software. In this point of sale can be integrated into your entire business. Competitive advantage by accounting software Heber (2015) stated that the fight for supremacy in the accounting software market in Australia has assumed a new vigour with MYOB bringing its IPO. The big players of the Australian accounting software market are competing for dominance in a huge market: each business ought to maintain track of its accounts and these big players are making this task simple. They have eliminated the need of bookkeepers and enable clients to make cash management and invoicing decisions on the run through mobile and desktop applications. Xero Australia already has 262,000 users in the country and is well positioned to continue seizing market share from its arch-rival MYOB (Heber, 2015). According to the GM Finance of Xero, Paul Williams, his company has an evident international online accounting dais that offers considerable first mover advantage. It is the primary challenger to the international incumbent Intuit, MYOB and Intuit. The dearth of operational experience of these incumbents in the online platform implies that they are still to provide a competitive international solution. Xero on the other hand is interrupting the conventional accounting software market in two main domains. Firstly, it is blending both accountant processing software and small business accounting into a single solution. This appears to be a likely progression of cloud software and this poses a significant challenge to the incumbents because they strive to capitalize revenues from their accountant software segments. Secondly, Xero has set up The Modern Practice initiative in collaboration with Microsoft (Williams, 2011). This is a collection of integrated cloud based solutions which enabl es accountants to run all of their operations without having to install servers. Pros and cons of accounting software The advantage of simplified data entry with the speedy process is received with the adoption of accounting software. Automation in report analysis and the task is also enjoyed by the organisation using software. The advantage enjoyed by the above leader in the software market is that they have created goodwill with their efforts of many years. Any change offered by them is easily acceptable by the users as the trust is maintained because they are already known with the base and features of the company (Chapin and et.al, 2012). They dont need much effort to influence the users to use their software. Due to the successful experience, they have information regarding the needed change in accounting software, hence it is easily acceptable by the user and no such advantage is present to other users. Real-time accounting provides myriad benefits as compared to the traditional periodic reporting in accounting. Conventionally, companies need non-financial and financial reporting on the basis of annual or quarterly periods. However, the quick transitions that take place in society and markets result in such periodic reporting to become outdated very quickly (Chapin and et.al, 2012). Intensifying competition among the market players creates demand for updated information to allow the management to quickly grasp opportunities and answer the issues. Real time accounting does answer these needs, however, requires novel technological answers (Trigo, Belfo and Estebanez, 2014). Tomsho (2012) identified several other challenges as well mainly with small business accounting software such as QuickBooks or Simply Accounting. However, there are certain restrictions associated with these software. Study of Scott (2015) shows that, in absence of an integrated model, business data sites in different applications rendering its access challenging (Scott, 2015). Consequently, manual re-entry from on system to other becomes unavoidable causing ineffectiveness and impacting staff productivity. Compliance is imperative for companies that are on the route to expansion and ought to report to an increasing number of stakeholders or satisfy audit requisites. These software do not provide an audit trail through which manipulation is easy and risk of inherent materiality is significantly increased. Nonetheless, several small accounting software does not have accounting controls like SOC or GAAP. On the other hand, tailored software is costly and require appropriate training program. Hence, though accounting applications have made it convenient for businesses to carry out their accounting functions, but they also contain some inherent problems. Conclusion The above study depicts that the accounting software has changed the manner of book-keeping. The transformation from paperwork to spreadsheet has been made possible due to accounting software only. The work has become easier and speedy with the adoption of software. The analysis of the leaders of the market has also been prescribed with the competitive advantage. Research studies of various scholars show similar conclusion that accounting software had led to better and accurate presentation of financial information. This aspect had assisted stakeholders in retrieve information in a viable manner in order to make strategic decisions. Despite various benefits, there are certain limitations associated with it which reduce its efficacy. References Books Journal Bendovschi, C. A., 2015. The evolution of accounting information systems. Practical Application of Science, 3(1). Chapin, N. and et.al. 2012. Types of software evolution and software maintenance. Journal of software maintenance and evolution: Research and Practice, 13(1), Pp.3-30. Elliott, R.K. and Jacobson, P.D., 2010. The evolution of the knowledge professional. Accounting Horizons, 16(1), Pp.69-80. Quinn, M. and Kristandl, G., 2014. Business information systems for accounting students. Pearson Education Ltd. Rahman, M.M. and et.al. 2014. Assessment of Accounting Software Practices in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A Survey of Barrier and Adoption. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(4). Tomsho, G., 2012. Guide to Networking Essentials. Cengage Learning. Trigo, A., Belfo, F. and Estebanez, P. R., 2014. Accounting Information Systems: The Challenge of the Real-Time Reporting. Procedia Technology, 16, 118-127. Online Heber, A., 2015. The cloud accounting supremacy war in Australia. [Online]. Available through: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4. [Accessed on 12th September 2016]. Scott, B., 2015. The Accounting Journal: 60 years of Accounting Software. [Online]. Available through: https://www.myob.com/au/blog/60-years-of-accounting-software-introduction/. [Accessed on 12th September 2016]. Williams, P., 2011. Xero Triples Revenue. [pdf]. Available through: https://www.xero.com/media/136481/fy2011-results-market-release.pdf. [Accessed on 13th September 2016].